All organism needs to reproduce, otherwise that species will die off and there will be no more of that particular species. Its possible that you may have heard of endangerd animals , there is also endangered plants. There are very few endangered species left and hence scientist and naturalist are working assidiously to ensure that these plants do not become extinct. I
Reproduction can be broken down into two groups:
1) Sexual Reproduction- two cells combined (each contributing half of the DNA needed) to produce a living cell
2) Asexual Reproduction- one cell is split into two, producing two identical cells
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Budding
A bud develops as a small outgrowth on the parents body. Each bud enlarges, develops the characteristics of the parent organism. A bud may become separated from the parent body and then develop into a new individual, or it may separate only after the completion of development. In some cases the buds never separate and as a result, colonies of interconnected individuals are formed. Examples: Hydra, sponges, some tunicates.
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Pollination The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a flower is called pollination. It takes place by wind, water or insect. If the pollen grains are transferred from the anther to the stigma of the same flower it is called self pollination, and if it is transferred from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower it is called cross pollination.
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Fragmentation In this method the body of a simple multicellular orgenism breaks up into smaller pieces of maturation and each fragment develops into new individuals. Example: Spirogyra
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Fertilization is the process by which the pollen grain is transferred to the stigma it produces a pollen tube which passes through the style and enters the ovary and ovule. in the ovule the male sperm cell (male gamete) fuses with the female germ cell (female gamete) to form a zygote. After fertilization the zygote divides several times and forms the embryo which then develops into the seed and the ovary develops into the fruit
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Regeneration In this method a part of the body if the organism is cut or broken, it can develop into a new individual. Examples: Hydra, Planaria,Star fish
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Vegetative Propagation In this method new plants are produced from the vegetative parts of the plant like root, stem or leaf. Plants produced by vegetative propagation produce flowers and fruits earlier than those from seeds. It also helps in the propagation of plants which do not produce seeds. Vegetative grafting can also be done artificially by cutting, layering, grafting etc. Examples: Dhalia, Sweet potato, potato, ginger etc
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Spore formation In this method structures called sporangi produce tiny cells called spores. when the spores come in contact with a moist surface, it develops into new individual. Examples: Rhizopus, Mucor, Penicillium etc.
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